The Negative Effects Of Video Games - 794 Words

Since the modern electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and consoles are developed and improved, video games have been enhanced together with the latest technology. Now, video games have become one of the most iconic hobbies and free time activities for teenagers from simple smartphone games to high-graphic console or pc games. However, some people tend to claim that video games are harmful to teenagers and cause them behave violent and aggressive. Also, some opinionated radicals state that video games are related to youth violence. While some people think that video games have negative effects on teenagers’ behaviors, video games have no link with youth violence, but, in fact, have positive effects on prosocial behaviors,†¦show more content†¦For example, more than ninety percent of video games including violent shooting games and battle games require team plays. Also, playing video games can help teenagers developing communicating skills since players ne ed to communicate with his or her teammates during the match at all time to win the game. Furthermore, one study released in 2013 in PLOS ONE said that three experiments have failed to find harmful effects of a violent video game on teenagers’ prosocial behaviors. In addition, video games can help children to develop problem-solving skills. As claimed by a long-term study done in 2013, adolescents who played strategic or role-playing video games showed improvements in grades in the following school year. Lastly, video games can help teenagers who are stressed out from the burden of school works and relationships with their friends to relieve stress in the virtual world. By playing video games, students can release their anger and stress in the virtual world that they will show less aggression in the real world. Dr. Christopher J. Ferguson, a professor from Texas A M International University, found out from a study that young males and females who play violent video games are better at handling long-term stress than non-playing young adults. The result of the study showed that playing violent video games reduces anxiety, hostility, and depression. Also, theShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Video Games1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negatives of playing video games Of course not all side effects of playing video games are positive, many studies have also found that there can be extremely negative side effects to playing video games. Some studies reported by (Daphne Bavelier) and (C. Shawn green) have found that playing violent video games can have an increase in aggressive thoughts, although this is something that seems rather troubling and one could assume that this would lead to the manifestation of aggression throughRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1241 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Effects of Video Games Video Games have become astonishingly popular, but unwelcomed source of entertainment. Video game popularity has increased steadily overtime and today 9 out of 10 American teens play video games. On average an American teen spends two hours a day playing video games (Rideout, Foehr, Roberts). However, when Bailey, West, and Anderson gave the survey on the streets a significant percentage of teens claimed playing as much as four hours a day or more (BaileyRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games943 Words   |  4 PagesWith the rising popularity of video games people of all kinds are forming completely different opinions on the growing entertainment platform. Some argue that interactive brain stimulation increases hand-eye coordination and focus. Others say it has a negative psychological effect on their child and influences them to partake in aggressive behavior that they would otherwise not become involved in.CBN explains that Grand Theft Auto III (GTAIII), a rock star game, releasing shortly after 9/11Read MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1129 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters in the game, then observing and learning from the game, which eventually leads to them practicing the things that they have saw from the video game. Although video games may be enjoyable for teenagers, the frequency in which one plays a video game can cause harmful effects in the development into adulthood. Research is inconclusive on whether or not video games are to be totally blamed for things like violence, declination of social skills, and increase to health issues. Video gaming is justRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Video Games1523 Words   |  7 Pagesto create an increasing number of violent games. It appears that this billion dollar industry has a blatant disregard for the public’s wellbeing. Because of these claims of detrimental effects, anti-game laws have made their way to the Supreme Court. These proposals have been rejected repeatedly. This is not done just because of our right to freedom of speech. These court cases are won by the gaming industry because no link between violent video games and acts of violence have been proven. TheRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games991 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, video games have quietly risen as the premier form of entertainment worldwide. Global revenues for the video game industry totaled $83.6 billion in 2014, outpacing both the film and music industry which rang in $36.4 billion and 15.06 billion respectively in the same year. (Foote, 2016). In the U.S., video games have a wide influence on the American society with â€Å"more than 40% of Americans reported playing video games regularly, (Green and Seitz, 2015), and of the 40%, children areRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1143 Words   |  5 PagesFrom virtual world gaming to common arcade games players have been intrigued by the pixelated images, ideas and story lines created by developers. Video games of todays society contributes both positive and negative health related habits to the lives of gamers. Some would argue that games promote healthy habits such as enhanced hand-eye coordination, a better learning ability, and better decision-making skills. While others would say that video games hinder the growth of our world because itRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1394 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology known to be a ‘video game’. Starting as just a simple adaptation of a tennis game, Higinbotha couldn’t begin to dream of what he had started. Now in 2017, there are more than two-billion video game players world-wide. Just here in the United States, sixty-three percent of households have at least one person that spends over three hours a week dedicated strictly to video games. Today, in the United States, 91% of children between the ages of 2 and 17 play video games. Since this muli-billion-dollarRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1094 Words   |  5 Pages Kids start to play video games at an early age like 5-10. Video games today are a huge part of todays world. People today will spend as much as $60 on a game or even $300 on PlayStation or Xbox, With that being said, some people are spending most of their day playing video games. It is a major part of how we entertain ourselves today but, Video games are bad for teenagers and kids, Some of the reason why are because it can cause body pain, aggressive behavior, or even eye damage.It might alsoRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1324 Words   |  6 PagesApproximately 115 million Americans play video games on a daily basis, 4 out of 5 American households admitted to owning a gaming system in 2016. Video Games have become a part of many American’s daily routine. Parents especially have had many concerns pertaining to this gaming behavior to determine if video games are safe for their children especially with the release of violent games such as Grand Theft Auto, where the ma in plot focuses around gang violence, drugs and alcohol and explicit language

Development Paper English Language Learners - 1912 Words

Development Paper: Susanna Chao Jordyn Lyle (jrl497) Education Psychology 9/14/14 Introduction/background information: Susanna Chao is fourteen years old, of Asian ethnicity, English is her second language but she does not require any English Language Learners Programs. She did attend preschool at ages three and four. Susanna’s home life seems stable. However, it is not that of a typical living situation. She lives in an apartment with her mother and grandmother. She has two younger siblings, a sister and a brother. Susanna has attended several different schools in her life, primarily elementary schools. According to past teacher comments and grade reports, her grades have suffered due to tardiness, absences, and lack of engagement in subjects that don’t peak her interest. She has, however, improved her grades in reading, language arts, science, technology, and social science. Her teachers in extracurricular classes comment about her being a joy to their class, and being eager to learn from them. Part One-Expectations: 1. Physical- I expect that Susanna is experiencing the rush of hormonal imbalances that most girls her age are enduring at this time. She should approach her adult height within the next two years. Her limbs will become more proportionate to her body, and I expect that her body composition will change as well. She will be filling out as a young lady. All of these assumptions/expectations are based on an article that was written by Angela Oswalt, who has aShow MoreRelatedUsing Visual Thinking for Effective Teaching and Learning Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesThe present diploma paper is focused on using visual thinking at the English language lessons for more effective teaching and learning. One of the priorities of Kazakhstan is the trilingual language policy of the State. The president of our country, Nursulatan Nazarbaev, has called citizens of Kazakhstan to learn three languages: Kazakh, Russian and English. He said: â€Å"Knowledge of three languages should become a standard practice for us. We are teaching these languages to our children starting fromRead MoreThe Instruction Of English Language Learners Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe approaches considered in this paper are founded on the instruction of English Language Learners and the difficulties they face with highly important progress tests. The five peer-reviewed articles, in this paper, investigate how changes in language acquisition are measured and how new regulations, in the United States academic standards, affect test practices and test development. The new educational ideals have been developed and put in place to help teachers accomplish the task of content evaluationRead MoreThe Acquisition Of L anguage And The Critical Period845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Acquisition of Language and the Critical Period What is a critical period? It is a period in which a certain skill is believed to be most easily acquired, but is there one for the acquisition of language? The case study, â€Å"The Linguistic Development of Genie† (Curtiss, et al 1974) and paper â€Å"Maturational Constraints on Language Learning†(Newport, 1990) implicates that the theory of the critical period can apply for acquisition of language. The case study of Genie demonstrates an unfortunateRead MoreCurriculum Development Paper973 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance Language Acquisition. Presented by: Presented to: Institution: Contents a) Grade/developmental level b) Education needs and rational c) Theoretical perspective d) Learning objectives e) Content outline f) Strategies and methods g) Resources h) Lesson plans Read MoreAge Has An Effect On Second Language940 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of the research paper is to investigate the degree to which age has an effect on Second Language (L2) speech learning, particularly child-adult differences in L2 phonology acquisition and cross-cultural language similarity.The article has been divided into two parts. In the first section, the article explores two models of teaching and learning, namely, the Critical Period (CP) and Interaction Hypothesis (IH). After assessing both models validities, the researchers adopt the InteractiveRead MoreLearning Curriculum : Towards Student Driven Pedagogy993 Words   |  4 PagesAnanyeva, M. (2013). A learning curriculum: Toward student-driven pedagogy in the context of adult English for academic purposes, English for specific purposes, and workplace English programs. TESOL Journal, 5(1), 8-31. This article introduces the concept of a learning curriculum that centralizes adult ESL learners’ needs and encourages their engagement in curriculum development. By summarizing key components of a learning curriculum including needs assessment and content-based curriculum, the studyRead MoreThe Teaching English Language Skills1650 Words   |  7 PagesOnce there was a time in teaching English, when teachers had mainly followed the traditional approach of teaching in various universities, where the learner used to be dependent only on the lecture delivered by the teacher. The learners were not exposed sufficient practice on their own and the interaction among the learners in the classroom was almost absent. That time the main focus was on grammatical rules, memorization of vocabulary, translation of texts and doing writing exercises. Classes wereRead MoreVocabulary Learning Strategy Research Analysis883 Words   |  4 Pagesvocabulary and lexical learning. Macaro (2001) sugg ests a two dimension view for vocabulary learning strategies research. According to him studies in learners’ strategies can be divided into two different types, that is, descriptive studies and intervention studies. Descriptive studies are those studies that describe the characteristics of a good learners (e.g. Rubin, 1975), studies that count the use of strategies and studies that compare the use of strategies between groups. Whereas intervention studiesRead MoreThe Five Peer-Reviewed Articles, In This Paper, Investigate1496 Words   |  6 Pagespeer-reviewed articles, in this paper, investigate how changes in language acquisition are measured and how new regulations, in the United States academic standards, affect test practices and test development. New educational ideals have been developed and put in place to help teachers accomplish the task of content evaluation during final exams. English learners are the first to acknowledge that they face a lot of challenges and m any of them are due to the inability of language teachers to comprehend theirRead MoreCommunication And Environment : Language Literacy Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesDefine Language Literacy in a Child In the bible says â€Å"Do you hear what these children are saying?† they asked him. â€Å"Yes,† replied Jesus, â€Å"have you never read, â€Å"‘From the lips of children and infants you, Lord, have called forth your praise’[a]?†. This means that He was listening and communicating with them in a culture where they were not supposed to be heard. Educators and researchers believes that oral language development is supported by literacy development in a child. Their language acquisition

Context of John Lewis

Question: Describe about the Importance of Branding On Customer Satisfaction in the Context of John Lewis? Answer: Introduction Customer Satisfaction is an important issue to the marketing managers of an organization. It is considered as the benchmark of organizations performance. Organizations try to focus on the satisfaction to retain the customer. Branding is an important tool for increasing the satisfaction level. Branding helps to establish a relationship of trust and confidence with the customer (Miletsky and Smith, 2009). Brand image refers to the perception of the customer at the time of purchasing any products or taking any services. It is observed that there is a strong relationship between the brand image and loyalty (Stiff, 2009). The customer is to be called more loyal if he gets extra social benefits from the consuming of products and services. Satisfaction is considered as the loyalty of the customer. Satisfaction is the important thing for the customer to become loyal to the brand or the organization (Vaid, 2003). It is required to predict the expectation of customer properly by the organizati on to fulfill the expectation. Background of the Research The entire theme of the research project is based on the branding process and how it creates effect on the customer satisfaction. Branding essentially focuses on the building the good relationship between the customer and the organization. Effective branding strategy helps to increase the loyal customer in the company. Branding builds the trust among the customer. The concept of strategic brand management helps to positioning the product and the services of the organization in the customer mind (Perrey and Spillecke, 2013). As increasing number of customer, the company becomes more powerful to compete with the rival firms. The retention of the customer depends on the customer satisfaction. If the branding strategy of the organization satisfies the customer, the customer shows their interest for repurchasing the product or services and gives positive response. Background of the Company John Lewis is a UK based retail company which was founded in 1929. It is mainly retail sector of clothing. The company tries to adopt the concept of branding for the satisfaction of the customer as much as possible and to increase the numbers of loyal customer. The company operates mainly departmental stores and supermarkets. It holds approximately 30 department stores and 336 branches of supermarket chain. Rationale of the Study It is noticed that the company is losing customer due to providing of low level of satisfaction. The company is inefficient somewhere to satisfy the customer. From the previous study it can be seen that branding has a major role to attract the customer. The basic reason for choosing this study is to relate the importance of branding on customer satisfaction. Research Aim The aim of the study is to identify the importance of the branding in customer satisfaction. The research will involve the analysis of the branding for the customer satisfaction related with the purchasing of products and services. The researcher selected the John Lewis as the research so that the concept of branding and its importance on the customer satisfaction can be analyzed at better and focused way. Research Objective The research objective will help the researcher in concentrating on the purpose of the study and not going out of the research study. Therefore, objective will be essential in aligning the research work and acquire the relevant information for meeting the requirement of research. The objectives of research are as follows: To understand the customers expectation towards the brand of John Lewis To know the importance of branding in John Lewis To analyze the importance of branding on customer satisfaction To recommend for the improvement of branding strategy of John Lewis. Research Questions As stated by Bergh and Ketchen (2009) research questions are considered to be useful in understanding the topic of the research in a much easy and well manner. The research question focus on the area of analysis which can help to gain the relevant and useful information according to the topic selected. The following questions are set for the current research: How brand image help in fulfill the expectation of the customer? What is the importance of branding on customer satisfaction? What is the relation between branding and customer satisfaction in John Lewis? What are the factors related with the branding of John Lewis in customer satisfaction? Literature Review Hirata (2009) described that customer satisfaction is an expectation before buy and perception about performance later the purchase. The theory of disconfirmation explain that it is to be said the customer satisfied when the performance of the products and services better than the expectations. On the other side, it is to be said customer dissatisfied when the actual performance of the products and services is less than the customers expectation (O'Cass and Viet Ngo, 2011). Neutral satisfaction refers equality between the actual performance and expectation. Grossart and Greenshaw (2014) also determines that satisfaction and dissatisfaction depends on the expectation of customer. Positive disconfirmation explains that customer is satisfied and Negative disconfirmation explains that customer is satisfied. Thomas (2013) investigated that customer can be satisfied highly with better quality of service and customer loyalty can be increased. Customer satisfaction is considered as the result of service quality (Binsar Kristian P. and Panjaitan, 2014). Grossart and Greenshaw (2014 explored that brand image is the finding of mental exercise. Brand image describes the impression of the customer from the products and services. Brand image is developed with the creative process of the company. If an organization or its product and service keep continuously a favorable image by the customer, it would lead to increase in performance and market share. Previous different empirical studies investigated that favorable image will lead to loyalty. Dimitrova et al. (2011) opined that image is not possible to measure without including the measurement of customer perception regarding the brand image and it implies the importance of brand image on customer satisfaction. Conceptual Framework Concept of Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction refers to the comparison between the expectation and perceptions of experience (Hirata, 2009). Customer satisfaction defines as the measure of degree at which the products and services of the organizations fulfill the expectation of the customer. Customer satisfaction varies with different situation and with different products and services. Concept of Branding Branding is a process of strategic management where loyal customers are created with high quality products and services (Clifton and Ahmad, 2009). It helps in determining the loyalty level of the customer for a specific organization and is considered as effective tool of marketing (Davis, 2009). If branding is compared with cost centre, the customer loyalty will be the expected return of the company. Branding is considers as an asset of the organization (Shankar and Carpenter, 2012). It helps in increasing the goodwill of the organization and the reputation by fulfilling the expectation of customer satisfactorily (Clifton and Ahmad, 2009). In present scenario, branding should hold the interest of the organization so that organization can sustain in the industry (Dr. Lubna Nafees, 2010). Methodology Method Outline: Methodology contains the detail research techniques to analyze the importance of branding on customer satisfaction and all factors related with that will be evaluated for the John Lewis. For this current research study application of the deductive approach is literally intrinsic which let the researcher perform the study more intrinsically. Evaluation of the information and the data collected in account of the primary research work, deductive research approach seems to be essentially bold. Application of descriptive design is literally helpful for this research particular research work. Application of both qualitative and quantitative approach of this research work is essential for this research work. Research Philosophy Research philosophy intends at providing a thorough framework which appears to be helpful in order to describe the research study in an appropriate manner. According to Hantrais and Mangen (2007), there are three kind of research philosophy: positivism, interpretivisim and realism. Positivism is narrated as the fact and information helping in order to install more intrinsic factors. Interpretative philosophy helps the researcher in order to understand the complexities of the social life and also supports the idea of the researcher in order to understand the research approaches profoundly. Finally, realism can be said to be the mix of interpretivism and positivism. This approach helps in penetrating the research study more sophistically. Justification for choosing Positivism Positivism as applied in the current context helps in better analysis of the hidden facts and information related to customer satisfaction and role of branding over it. Apart from that, nature of the study is time-limited so interpretative or realism study was discarded as being the choice of research philosophy. Further, selection of positivism philosophy limits the researchers role in manipulating or evaluating the data that leads to minimisation of data errors as well. Research Approach: There are two kinds of basic approach of research: inductive and deductive. Inductive approach is the study of the data and information collected so far by the researcher. On the other hand, deductive approach is to build on making the research based on sophisticated aspects. Based on specific frames on the specific theories and models, the research deductive approach seems to be helpful for the researcher to manage the research work Justification for choosing deductive approach In the current study, the topic will try to study the concepts related to customer satisfaction and the importance of branding on it. The study of customer satisfaction required a selection of approach that can help in understanding at a much precise and clear manner. However, inductive approach fails to be implemented in the present topic as no new concepts or theories is emphasised by the researcher. Further, importance of branding on customer satisfaction helps in understanding the concepts in a detailed manner. Research Design: Research design helps in explaining the framework of the research topic that will help in selection of the collection and analysis pattern (Creswell, 2009). During the process of data collection, a particular kind of approach is applied that helps in better description of the research design. Kinds of research design used in academic research pattern are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. Justification for choosing descriptive design For this particular research work the researcher is going to seek for the necessary attributes from the different parts. At the same time the researcher does not. The extent of influence imparted by branding on the customer satisfaction is rightly scrutinized with the help of descriptive design with selection of descriptive design. Data Collection There are two kinds of data: Primary Data and Secondary Data.. Primary data are collected directly from the respondents, which indicate that the study is more valid and reliable. In case of secondary sources, data are used as widening the concept of research topic that also enables better study of the topic as it involves more data and description. Data Collection Process In the current study, primary sources included interaction sessions with the customers and managers of John Lewis who helped in gaining information as per the research objectives. Apart from that, literature sources can be considered as output of information gained via secondary sources. Secondary source includes both the online and offline sources like journals, articles, books, websites, blogs and others. Data Collection Techniques: In order to collect the required data, the researcher can focused on collecting data using both quantitative technique and qualitative technique (Bergh and Ketchen, 2009). The quantitative data can be effective to obtain the needed information from the customers. Moreover, it will be useful in data proofing in larger extent. Apart from that, the researcher can be able to acquire information about the perception of the consumers in context of service requirement. The chosen sample of customers will provide important information that may be relevant for the purpose and accomplishment of the research paper. Thus, in order to study the psychology of the people, quantitative technique can be appropriate. On the other hand, the closed ended question will be prepared for the customers as it can help the researcher to collect large number of responses from wide group of sample. Qualitative technique can be useful in gathering the relevant information from the accounted participants. Managers of John Lewis can be taken in account for qualitative study and it can be helpful in knowing their views regarding the customer needs and wants. Therefore, the researcher can concentrate on conducting interviews with managers through open end questions. This would be helpful in knowing the responses of managers that can be used and analysed for attaining the objective of the research. Population and Sample Population is defined as the number of people who are directly or indirectly involved or affected by the content of the research process. In the present research work, customers and employees of John Lewis are considered as the population of the study that is widespread within and across the nation, UK. However, the researcher cannot consider every customer so smaller representation of the population is considered termed as sample. Sampling Technique Sample considered for studying branding and its importance on customer satisfaction are smaller in number that can suit the criteria of the research topic. The sample for customers was simple random probability sampling where no criteria for selection were considered. Sample Size The sample size is divided into two forms for qualitative and quantitative technique. For studying the quantitative research techniques, 50 customers of John Lewis were considered and were interacted with questionnaire forms. Conversely, managers of John Lewis stores were considered for qualitative technique that will be 5 in number and will be considered for interview sessions. Therefore, total sample size has become 55. Ethical Considerations Ethical issues are mandatory to be followed in conducting the survey in a systematic fashion. It verifies the reliability of the research on the basis of genuine data collected for the respondents. The questionnaire is prepared in such a way that no such personal question can bother the respondents because respondents can deviate to give responses. As a result, study can be valueless without getting the proper responses. Valuable information will be kept in strict confidential. Appropriate referencing style will be made in study to make more valid and reliable. Research Limitations There are certain restrictions associated with the current study that are both avoidable and non-avoidable in nature. The restricted scope and abilities of the current study are as follows: Reliability of the Respondents: The research work has been conducted on the basis of the responses and answers gathered from the respondents. But there is no confirmation that all the respondents were authentic in their approaches. The researcher work may have faced an immense biasness unknowingly. Limited Budget: As this research work is limited to the academic section only, the budget for the researcher is undoubtedly limited. Therefore the researcher was in need of leaving some of the necessary practices. Time Constraint: Within a limited time span the researcher is needed to conduct this research work which created problems for the researcher. If more time would have been got, more specific the research work could have been. Research Timeline Research topics are either longitudinal or cross-sectional in nature, depending upon the time allotment considered for research for a particular topic. The cross-sectional study is adopted for the current study due to limited time period. There is a specific time limit for conducting the present study. Gantt chart is considered for finding the timeline of the research. The timeline of each task of the project is as follows: Main activities/ stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Selection of Topic Data Collection (Secondary) Creating layout Literature review Formulation of Research Plan Selection of Suitable Research Techniques Data Collection (Primary) Analysis Interpretation of Data Findings Conclusion Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work Conclusion The entire study is focused on customer satisfaction and the importance of branding on it. A cited from the study of research paper, the customers of John Lewis are observed by the researcher so that the customer expectation can be evaluated. The company always tries to focus on the satisfaction of the customer to enhance their retail business. The role of branding is positively related with the customer satisfaction. Reference Lists Bergh, D. and Ketchen, D. (2009). Research methodology in strategy and management. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Binsar Kristian P., F. and Panjaitan, H. (2014). Analysis of Customer Loyalty through Total Quality Service, Customer Relationship Management, and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 3(3). Clifton, R. and Ahmad, S. (2009). Brands and branding. New York: Bloomberg Press. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design. Los Angeles: Sage. Davis, M. (2009). The fundamentals of branding. Lausanne: AVA Academia. Dimitrova, D., Dimitrieska, A., Ivanovska, M., Zabkar, V. and Valentincic, A. (2011). The impact of branding and brand related marketing activities on a company's performance. Ljubljana: [D. Dimitrova. Dr. Lubna Nafees, D. (2010). Special Issue on Branding. Emerald Group Publishing. Grossart, D. and Greenshaw, J. (2014). Improving customer experience through branding and technology. In Practice, 36(8), pp.427-429. Hantrais, L. and Mangen, S. (2007). Cross-national research methodology practice. London: Routledge. Hirata, T. (2009). Customer satisfaction planning. New York: CRC Press. Miletsky, J. and Smith, G. (2009). Perspectives on branding. Boston, Mass.: Course Learning. O'Cass, A. and Viet Ngo, L. (2011). Achieving customer satisfaction in services firms via branding capability and customer empowerment. Journal of Services Marketing, 25(7), pp.489-496. Perrey, J. and Spillecke, D. (2013). Retail marketing and branding. Chichester: Wiley. Shankar, V. and Carpenter, G. (2012). Handbook of Marketing Strategy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Stiff, D. (2009). Sell the brand first. New York: McGraw-Hill. Thomas, S. (2013). Linking customer loyalty to customer satisfaction and store image: a structural model for retail stores. DECISION, 40(1-2), pp.15-25. Tomas, S. (2009). Lean tools and techniques for customer satisfaction and competitive advantage. Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach. Vaid, H. (2009). Branding. New York, N.Y.: Watson-Guptill.

Graffitti Art Essay Example For Students

Graffitti Art Essay * Graffiti appeared already in the ancient times. In cities like Pompeii or Kairo it was commom to write some political or personal opinion. (extract 1)* The word means drawings, markings, patterns, scribbles or messages that are painted, written or carved on a wall or surface. Even the ancient cave-paintings can be described as graffities. * Modern graffiti art originated in New York City in the 1960s. (extract 2)* New York Style as it was called in that time, appaered in writings made with markers by teens on the subway cars. These writings called tags were seen everywhere.* There are many types of the graffities but not all of them can be described as art. For example, tag can be identified as an old statement just like I was here , that shows that the writer is active and continuing to rock. (extract 3) * After the spraypaint had been discovered, it separeted the taggers from the real artists.Tag became a part of an overall artistic production. * Undoubtably, writers wanted to be known, that is why we can see so many tags and different names on the streets in different forms.(extract 4)* As the grafiiti developed, writers started to paint not only walls but trains, buses and tubes. There was a competition between the best writers. Usually those writers who had the most paintigs called themselves Kings or Queens. The style, skill and the talent were the most dominant factors. Basically till the present days these are the key factors in graffiti. * The unskilled and amatour writers without talent or style called toys.* It is very difficult to explain who and why people decide to get involved into the graffiti art. Just like in every other form of art, artists just come from nowhere.* Kevin Hickey, police officer of the New York Transit Police Department was asked What sorts of kids write graffiti?He replied The type of kids that live in New York City * There is no general classification of the writers. They can be from 12-30 years old and from both gender.* In the beginning writers used to create art alone but as the technology developed and as graffiti is illegal they had to orgonized themselfes in smaller or bigger crews because painting became more and more difficult and risky.(extract 6) * Graffiti is associated with Hip-Hop culture. This culture contains elements such as breakdance, MC, DJ and graffiti. (extract 5) * In complex graffiti art is a combined activity where the artist uses his or her imagination, talent, execution to create a unique artwork.(extract 7) * On of the reason why graffiti art is art, that with this artwork the artist can communicate with others, shows or shares feelings or experiences. * Lot of people call graffiti vandalism crime or destruction but from this aspect it can be seen as a unique, modern art.(extract 8) * Graffiti is also criticized for beeing too hard to understand, but certainly this cannot keep graffiti art from beeing art. * Just because it is not in the museum or gallery it shouldnt be defined as vandalism or other negative definitions. It can be easyly called as street art or public art.(extract 9)* There are many graffiti artists were recognised by other famous artists for examle Jean Paul Basquiat who was took up by Andy Warhol or one of the most famous graffiti artist of the 1990s, Barry McGee aka Twist was commissioned to do graffiti art for the Sun Francisco Museum of Modern Art.* Despite the fact that recently graffiti art is recognised as an art, it is still chased by the authorities, police and different anti-graffiti groups. .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .postImageUrl , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:hover , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:visited , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:active { border:0!important; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:active , .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3 .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e07a88fb1a294ad7240dd80c02937d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Differences Between Counseling and Psychotherapy Essay* Although it is now much more acceptable that it was in the beginning.(extract 10) * For example, artworks that are produced on canvas with spraypaint and in graffiti style can be considered as an spraycan art.(extract 11) * Despite that it is accepted as an art, the graffiti will be always an underground movement. * It is important to see and characterize some forms of graffiti as art because it challenges people. * Graffiti appears in every bigger city or even village. More and more young people are involved in it. * Some professional crews are getting together to create bigger and more spectecular artworks.* They even make videos of their work to show the younger generations what grafiiti should be. It can be described as a guide for other artists and simple people. Unforunatly these kind of films are not broadcosted on TV yet.* Some of the most famous films that show us the process of the graffiti are: Sick Business, Men in Black ( not the movie version ), Dirty Hands and many more.* Garffiti is a very extreme, dangerous and risky activity. Artists risk their future, life but not the proud. Some of the artists lost their life while painting difficult places, (Tenta 2000, Budapest, Hungary)* Whether or not all of the public agrees that graffiti art is good, bad or extremely valuable is a different discussion about evaluation and not whether or not graffiti art is art.* It is very difficult to create an appropriate definition about graffiti art and what conditions and rules it has as an art. But what is certain that it has form, colour and other base properties to being an art.